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Geotechnical forensic investigation of a slope failure on silty clay soil—A case study

Mohammad Abubakar NAVEED, Zulfiqar ALI, Abdul QADIR, Umar Naveed LATIF, Saad HAMID, Umar SARWAR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期页码 501-517 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0610-y

摘要： Qila Bala Hisar is one of the noteworthy places of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The fort was constructed on a filled ground during the 18th century and it was renovated several times by the occupants ever since. Recently, due to an earthquake of magnitude 7.3, the upper part of the south-western wall of the fort collapsed. The collapse of the wall was attributed to the failure of the retained slope. This research was undertaken to characterize the slope material, study causal factors of failure and evaluate remedial strategy. The investigation involved conventional field and laboratory testing and geophysical investigation using electrical resistivity technique to evaluate the nature of stratum. Also, X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to study the slope material at a molecular level to evaluate the existence of swelling potential. The analysis has shown that excessive seepage of water caused by the poor maintenance of runoff and sewage drains is the causal factor triggered by the seismic event. A remedial strategy involving soil nails, micro piles and improvement of the surface drainage is recommended.

关键词： forensic geotechnical investigation slope failure slope analysis finite element method numerical analysis seismic loading Qila Bala Hisar

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Multiscale stochastic finite element method on random field modeling of geotechnical problems – a fast

Xi F. XU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 107-113 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0268-4

摘要： The Green-function-based multiscale stochastic finite element method (MSFEM) has been formulated based on the stochastic variational principle. In this study a fast computing procedure based on the MSFEM is developed to solve random field geotechnical problems with a typical coefficient of variance less than 1. A unique fast computing advantage of the procedure enables computation performed only on those locations of interest, therefore saving a lot of computation. The numerical example on soil settlement shows that the procedure achieves significant computing efficiency compared with Monte Carlo method.

关键词： multiscale finite element settlement perturbation random field geotechnical

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Independent cover meshless particle method for complex geotechnical engineering

Jianqiu WU, Yongchang CAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 515-526 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0428-4

摘要： A new Independent Cover Meshless Particle (ICMP) method is proposed for the analysis of complex geotechnical engineering. In the ICMP method, the independent rectangular cover regardless of the shape of the analysis model is employed as the influence domain of each discrete node, the general polynomial is employed as the meshless interpolation function of the independent nodal cover, and the Cartesian Transformation Method (CTM) is used for the numerical integration of the nodal covers cut by material interfaces, joints, cracks and faults. The present method has a simple formulation and a low computational cost, and is easy for the numerical analysis and modeling of complex geotechnical engineering. Several typical numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.

关键词： meshless method particle method independent cover CTM geotechnical engineering

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法医毒物分析的应用及其发展方向

刘耀

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第9期页码 42-44

摘要：

介绍2个案例，说明法医毒物分析在为侦查破案提供线索、为案件定性提供证据以及为急救采取的措施提供依据等方面的重要性；指明法医毒物分析的难点是被分析的物微量和从生物样品中提取被分析物过程中的蛋白质和脂肪去除困难；认为中国法医毒物分析水平、部分分析技术处于发达国家20世纪末的水平，但标准化管理滞后。今后毒物分析发展要根据国家的实际需要并瞄准世界先进水平。

关键词：法医毒物分析标准化管理生物样品提取

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Detecting genetic hypermutability of gastrointestinal tumor by using a forensic STR kit

Anqi Chen, Suhua Zhang, Jixi Li, Chaoneng Ji, Jinzhong Chen, Chengtao Li

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 101-111 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0698-4

摘要： Growing evidence suggests that somatic hypermutational status and programmed cell death-1 overexpression are potential predictive biomarkers indicating treatment benefits from immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, biomarker-matched trials are still limited, and many of the genomic alterations remain difficult to target. To isolate the potential somatic hypermutational tumor from microsatellite instability low/microsatellite stability (MSI-L/MSS) cases, we employed two commercial kits to determine MSI and forensic short tandem repeat (STR) alternations in 250 gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. Three types of forensic STR alternations, namely, allelic loss, Aadd, and Anew, were identified. 62.4% (156/250) of the patients with GI exhibited STR alternation, including 100% (15/15) and 60% (141/235) of the microsatellite high instability and MSI-L/MSS cases, respectively. 30% (75/250) of the patients exhibited STR instability with more than 26.32% (26.32%–84.21%) STR alternation. The cutoff with 26.32% of the STR alternations covered all 15 MSI cases and suggested that it might be a potential threshold. Given the similar mechanism of the mutations of MSI and forensic STR, the widely used forensic identifier STR kit might provide potential usage for identifying hypermutational status in GI cancers.

关键词： mismatch repair protein deficiency (MMR-D) microsatellite instability (MSI) short tandem repeats (STR) gastrointestinal tumor hypermutability

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我国法医学人才培养发展战略研究

侯一平 ,云利兵 ,诸虹 ,王茜 ,丛斌

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第2期页码 84-88 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.02.009

摘要：

本文通过研究国内外已有经验，分析我国法医学人才培养面临的挑战，提出促进法医学教育发展的政策建议：设立法医学一级学科，提升法医学科整体实力；建立法医学八年一贯制培养体系，创新法医学人才培养模式；增设法医学研究生专业学位，适应法治国家建设高素质应用型人才需求；建立确保鉴定人执业胜任能力和专业水平的继续教育制度；为临床医学生开设法医学课程，提升其法医学意识。

关键词：法医学医学教育人才培养发展战略

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Consistency Guarantees for Professional Appraisal of Geotechnical Engineering Design under Market Leading

Jian-ye Zheng

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 82-85 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015012

摘要： Peer review is central to the process of modern engineering. Open peer review gives the impression that decisions are arrived at in a fair and meritocratic manner with an objective, reliable, consistent process. It is responsible for identifying methodological flaws and for improving the quality. Assistance from somebody in the same discipline is valuable. Clients refer to reviewers as referees since they help to determine the fate of a design. The client sets up a hanging committee to carry out open peer review to decide whether a piece of work should be accepted, revised or rejected. Reviewers in similar specialties make up a professional group. In an open peer review refereeing a retaining and protection structure design of building foundation pit excavation, an outside expert as an assessor, might master the art of review to pay attention to guarantee consistency of processes and outcomes.

关键词： peer review foundation pit excavation retaining and protection structure design introduction

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Classification and quantification of excavated soil and construction sludge: A case study in Wenzhou, China

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 202-213 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0795-8

摘要： With rapid urbanization in China, a large amount of excavated soil and construction sludge is being generated from geotechnical and underground engineering. For sustainable management of these construction wastes, it is essential to quantify their production first. The present study has attempted to classify the excavated soil and construction sludge according to their composition and geotechnical properties (particle size, water content, plasticity index). Based on these classifications, a new approach was proposed to quantify the production. The said approach was based on multi-source information, such as the urban topographic map, geological survey reports, urban master plan, and remote sensing images. A case study in Wenzhou city of China was also pursued to illustrate the validity of the newly developed approach. The research showed that in 2021–2025, the total excavated soils and construction sludge production in Wenzhou would reach 107.5 × 10⁶ and 81.7 × 10⁶ m³, respectively. Furthermore, the excavated soil was classified into the miscellaneous fill, crust clay, muddy clay and mud with silty sand. Likewise, the construction sludge was classified as liquid sludge and paste-like sludge. The classification and quantification can serve as guidance for disposal and recycling, thereby leading to high-level management of waste disposal.

关键词： excavated soil construction sludge geotechnical and underground engineering production classification

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深圳“12·20”渣土场灾难滑坡成灾机理与岩土工程风险控制研究 Artical

殷跃平,李滨,王文沛,詹良通,薛强,高杨,张楠,陈红旗,刘天奎,李爱国

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第2期页码 230-249 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.02.005

摘要：

2015 年12 月 20 日，广东省深圳市光明新区建筑渣土场发生滑坡，造成77人遇难、33栋建筑物被毁。现场勘察、无人机3D摄影测量、多期遥感影像动态分析表明，该滑坡源区滑带倾角仅4°，滑程长达1100 m，最大堆积宽度为630 m，体积约为2.73 × 106 m³，是目前世界上最大的渣土场滑坡。自2014 年3 月开始建设渣土场以来，堆填体积逐级增加、坡型不断变化，滑坡边界条件和水文特性具有不确定性。本文提出了多级建模方法以研究不同堆填阶段下坡体结构的变化特征，采用非稳定流理论模拟了地下水渗流场的演化特征。分析表明，渣土场可以划分为具有低含水率的前缘边坡和具有高含水率( 含底部积水) 的后缘渣土堆填体两个亚区。这种特殊的二元结构带来了两种效应：第一，地表水入渗，后缘渣土堆填的地表水入渗位置随填土的增高而逐渐抬升，导致了前缘坡体超孔隙水压力水头逐渐增大；第二，固结渗流，在后缘渣土堆填区上部的渣土堆载导致下部饱水渣土体产生超静孔压，形成底部饱水软弱滑带，并促使地下水逐渐向前缘坡体渗流。两种效应的叠加导致了坡体稳定性降低，引发了前缘的液化失稳，最终导致了整体滑动。通过静力触探、大型三轴和环剪试验获得了滑坡的土动力学参数，对远程滑动的成灾过程的模拟表明，滑体运动的最大速度约为29.8 m·s^–1，最大堆积厚度约为23 m，滑坡主体滑动时间约为130 s，视摩擦角为6°。最后，对比分析了全球近期发生的多起渣土场滑坡灾难，从技术上看，这些风险大多是可预见的，但是，由于非技术原因往往未被预见到，因此，需要加强城镇化岩土工程的技术和非技术风险的管控。

关键词：建筑渣土渣土场滑坡安全系数岩土工程风险

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有限元极限分析法发展及其在岩土工程中的应用

郑颖人,赵尚毅,邓楚键,刘明维,唐晓松,张黎明

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第12期页码 39-61

摘要：

有限元极限分析法兼有数值分析法与经典极限分析法两者的优点，特别适用于岩土工程的分析与设计。20世纪初，国内岩土工程界应用国际上通用程序，大力发展有限元极限分析法并拓宽其在岩土工程中的应用。在基本理论研究、提高计算精度、拓宽应用范围及工程实际应用等方面取得了很大成绩。重点介绍作者及其合作者的一些研究成果。主要包括岩土工程安全系数定义、方法原理、整体失稳判据、强度准则的推导、选用及提高计算精度等方面的研究。应用范围从二维扩大到三维，从均质土坡、土基扩大到有节理的岩质边坡与岩基，从稳定渗流扩大到不稳定渗流、从边坡与地基工程扩大到隧道、还用于寻找边（滑）坡中的多个潜在滑面，进行岩土与结构共同作用的支挡结构设计，计算机仿真地基承载板载荷试验等应用项目，以逐渐达到革新岩土工程设计方法的目的。

关键词：极限分析法有限元法岩土工程边坡地基隧道

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Centrifuge experiments for shallow tunnels at active reverse fault intersection

Mehdi SABAGH, Abbas GHALANDARZADEH

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 731-745 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0614-7

摘要： Tunnels extend in large stretches with continuous lengths of up to hundreds of kilometers which are vulnerable to faulting in earthquake-prone areas. Assessing the interaction of soil and tunnel at an intersection with an active fault during an earthquake can be a beneficial guideline for tunnel design engineers. Here, a series of 4 centrifuge tests are planned and tested on continuous tunnels. Dip-slip surface faulting in reverse mechanism of 60-degree is modeled by a fault simulator box in a quasi-static manner. Failure mechanism, progression and locations of damages to the tunnels are assessed through a gradual increase in Permanent Ground Displacement (PGD). The ground surface deformations and strains, fault surface trace, fault scarp and the sinkhole caused by fault movement are observed here. These ground surface deformations are major threats to stability, safety and serviceability of the structures. According to the observations, the modeled tunnels are vulnerable to reverse fault rupture and but the functionality loss is not abrupt, and the tunnel will be able to tolerate some fault displacements. By monitoring the progress of damage states by increasing PGD, the fragility curves corresponding to each damage state were plotted and interpreted in related figures.

关键词： reverse fault rupture continuous tunnel geotechnical centrifuge ground surface deformations fragility curves

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An investigation on modification mechanism of CH

Qiang XIN, Shanghong HUANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 293-300 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0403-0

摘要： Rising oil price has brought huge cost pressure for low grade highway construction, and it is urgent to find alternative resources. At the same time, there are nearly 50000–60000 tons of low temperature coal output in inner Mongolia region, China, which has high toxicity and high polluting. To make the low temperature coal be applicable for road constructions, the formaldehyde is used as cross linking agent, the concentrated sulfuric acid is used as catalyst, and the chemical modification of low temperature coal tar pitch in Inner Mongolia region is investigated. The road performance (softening point, penetration and ductility) of modified low temperature coal are tested. Results shown that the road performance of modified low temperature coal is increased significantly. Modification mechanism of low temperature coal is studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy and other analytical tools. Results show that, in the modified low temperature coal, resin content increases and the resin fiber diameter becomes larger with the increasing of formaldehyde content.

关键词： low temperature coal tar pitch modification road performance

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Multi-scale investigation of active failure for various modes of wall movement

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 961-979 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0738-4

摘要： Retained backfill response to wall movement depends on factors that range from boundary conditions to the geometrical characteristic of individual particles. Hence, mechanical understanding of the problem warrants multi-scale analyses that investigate reciprocal relationships between macro and micro effects. Accordingly, this study attempts a multi-scale examination of failure evolution in cohesionless backfills. Therefore, the transition of retained backfills from at-rest condition to the active state is modeled using the discrete element method (DEM). DEM allows conducting virtual experiments, with which the variation of particle and boundary properties is straightforward. Hence, various modes of wall movement (translation and rotation) toward the active state are modeled using two different backfills with distinct particle shapes (spherical and nonspherical) under varying surcharge. For each model, cumulative rotations of single particles are tracked, and the results are used to analyze the evolution of shear bands and their geometric characteristics. Moreover, dependencies of lateral pressure coefficients and coordination numbers, as respective macro and micro behavior indicators, on particle shape, boundary conditions, and surcharge levels are investigated. Additionally, contact force networks are visually determined, and their influences on pressure distribution and deformation mechanisms are discussed with reference to the associated modes of wall movement and particle shapes.

关键词： discrete-element modelling granular materials retaining walls particle shape arching

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Analytical and numerical investigation into the longitudinal vibration of uniform nanotubes

null

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第9卷第2期页码 142-149 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0292-z

摘要：

In recent years, prediction of the behaviors of micro and nanostructures is going to be a matter of increasing concern considering their developments and uses in various engineering fields. Since carbon nanotubes show the specific properties such as strength and special electrical behaviors, they have become the main subject in nanotechnology researches. On the grounds that the classical continuum theory cannot accurately predict the mechanical behavior of nanostructures, nonlocal elasticity theory is used to model the nanoscaled systems. In this paper, a nonlocal model for nanorods is developed, and it is used to model the carbon nanotubes with the aim of the investigating into their longitudinal vibration. Following the derivation of governing equation of nanorods and estimation of nondimensional frequencies, the effect of nonlocal parameter and the length of the nanotube on the obtained frequencies are studied. Furthermore, differential quadrature method, as a numerical solution technique, is used to study the effect of these parameters on estimated frequencies for both classical and nonlocal theories.

关键词： continuum theory differential quadrature method nanorod longitudinal vibration

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Molecular dynamics investigation of mechanical properties of single-layer phagraphene

Ali Hossein Nezhad SHIRAZI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 495-503 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0492-4

摘要： Phagraphene is a very attractive two-dimensional (2D) full carbon allotrope with very interesting mechanical, electronic, optical, and thermal properties. The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of this new graphene like 2D material. In this work, mechanical properties of phagraphene have been studied not only in the defect-free form, but also with the critical defect of line cracks, using the classical molecular dynamics simulations. Our study shows that the pristine phagraphene in zigzag direction experience a ductile behavior under uniaxial tensile loading and the nanosheet in this direction are less sensitive to temperature changes as compared to the armchair direction. We studied different crack lengths to explore the influence of defects on the mechanical properties of phagraphene. We also investigated the temperature effect on the mechanical properties of pristine and defective phagraphene. Our classical atomistic simulation results confirm that larger cracks can reduce the strength of the phagraphene. Moreover, it was shown the temperature has a considerable weakening effect on the tensile strength of phagraphene. The results of this study may be useful for the design of nano-devices using the phagraphene.

关键词： phaqraphene mechanical properties crack propaqation molecular dynamics thermal effects